Electricity what a fascinating topic and how it is an important resource in our daily and modern living. Electricity is the foundation for many of daily appliances and is needed rigorously in order for us as a people to survive. Electricity is needed in everything we do and has been a necessity in the growth of society. Electricity is an important element not only in the uses that it offers, but it also helps us to understand our world and the universe we live in. Now I will further elaborate about the history of electricity and discuss a bit about where electricity was actually first discovered.
History
Electricity has been used by many different men in many different ways. It actually first started back in Greece. It started back in Greece around about six centuries ago, when it was observed in an amber rod rubbed with a cloth or a fur attracted light objects such as feathers and bits of straw. The name of the man who made this remarkable discovery is Thales of Miletus. So the Greeks name for amber is elektron, William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I, called the force exerted by the amber vis elctrica which is a force that tells apart from the much weaker force of gravitation. So through this remarkable discovery another man named Otto Von Guericke invented the static electric generator in 1675, meanwhile another man now invented a current generator whose name was Alosio Galvani in 1780. But around this period when things that obtained electricity were being invented, most people found it to be of little use. Basically we proceed through the time for approximately 60 years when a scientist by the name of Samuel Morse invented the telegraph which was used as a means of communication to people far away and he made it public in the 1840s. Later, things began to change towards the vast movement of industrialization other inventions began to become public. Of those inventions were telephones, radios, and even television. Later on a man named Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and lighting in the 1880 which would lead to electric motors and heating. So from there many other things were being invented that scientist began to explore with this found natural resource. Although the scientist who first started this study of electricity founded it through the very source of light. Examples are given with Benjamin Franklin with his dealing with lightning. Benjamin had a great curiosity with the dealing of lightning when it would rain. He was just fascinated with why was there light through the sky when it would rain. So he was set on a mission that would help him discover the true reason behind it and whether or not man could actually acquire that kind of power. So Ben Franklin set himself out to do a famous experiment known as the Kite Flight in June of 1752 and through discovered terms to use when talking about electricity. For example, battery, conductors, condenser, charge, discharge, uncharged, negative, minus, plus, electrician, and discharged just to name a few. His understanding on the power of lightning was very powerful, and he also knew it was also
dangerous. So he began to constructed building and ships that would protect the people from the lightning rod. Ben is one of the men that began who really dug deep into the study of electricity. Along with him were men like Nicolo Cabeo, Charles F. de Cisternay du Fay that began to understand about the how charges. They, at different times found, that electricity has charges. Then later on went on to find out that there are positive and negative charges. They also figured out that those charges could also either repel or attract. They came up with a term known as electrification.
Electrification is basically just electric charges. So a body of electricity with the same electrification is the same then they repel, but if the electrification is opposite then they would attract. So Electricity goes into a deep study. For instance, they came up with mathematical equations that would go along with the study of it. These math equations are design to help figure out how much force of electricity is either coming from something, or to know how much power of electricity to put into something. That is the way we have been able to invent many things and proceed as a people. This leads me to three major forms of electricity, voltage, current, resistance. These three components are what my paper will be discussing. I have explained a bit on the history of electricity, but now I want to talk about those three components and their interactions with electricity.
Voltage
Voltage is a very important part of understanding electricity. Voltage is a physical variable. Voltage can be a little tricky to understanding, but it is basically voltage is a force behind the current. Voltage is a concept related to potential energy. Potential energy is a function only of a position is a direct result of the inverse square law. It can also convert energy to other energy. So therefore, voltage is the electrical potential energy, a charge by virtue of its own position in space. Because voltage is an electrical potential energy like a gravitational force lots of its concepts carry over. Voltage is related to many other things to create a greater power. Another way to think of the flow of voltage and h
Image courtesy of ae-zone.org
ow it is interchangeable with current at times is electricity flowing in a wire in the same way as the water flowing in the hose. The voltage causing the electrical current to flow in the wire can be considered the water pressure at the faucet, which causes the water to flow. If we were to increase the pressure at the hydrant, more water would flow in the hose. Similarly, if we increase electrical pressure or voltage, more electrons would flow in the wire. “Also sometimes when a voltage is generated by a battery, or by the magnetic force according to Faraday's Law, this generated voltage has been traditionally called an "electromotive force" or emf. The emf represents energy per unit charge (voltage) which has been made available by the generating mechanism and is not a "force". The term emf is retained for historical reasons. It is useful to distinguish voltages which are generated from the voltage changes which occur in a circuit as a result of energy dissipation, e.g., in resistor. These are just a few factors that work together for us to obtain voltage and learn from the greats that have studied in detail make it easy for us to understand its concepts easier. The magnetic force exerted on the charges in a moving conductor will generate a voltage (a motional emf). The generated voltage can be seen to be the work done per unit charge. This motional emf is one of many settings in which the generated emf is described by Faraday's Law.”Some of the ways we can generate this pressure is obviously by batteries, but there are also generators and photovoltaic cells. Photovoltaic cells turn light energy from sources like the sun into energy. To understand the photovoltaic process you need to know about semiconductors so we will not cover them in this material. The electrons want to balance the electrostatic charge by moving from the material with the excess electrons to the material with the shortage of electrons. However, they cannot because there is no conductive path for them to travel. However, if these two unbalanced materials within the battery are connected together with a conductor, electrical current will flow as the electron moves from the negatively charged area to the positively charged area. When you use a battery, you are allowing electrons to flow from one end of the battery through a conductor and something like a light bulb to the other end of the battery. The battery will work until there is a balance of electrons at both ends of the battery. Caution: you should never connect a conductor to the two ends of a battery without making the electrons pass through something like a light bulb which slows the flow of currents. If the electrons are allowed to flow too fast the conductor will become very hot, and it and the battery may be damaged.” To be able to understand voltage, but we will have to understand EMF and I hope I have elaborated on EMF and made it able to comprehend.
Voltage Law and Faraday's Law
There is a voltage Law and that law states that “In any circuit, the sum of decrease in voltage is equal to the sum of its increase. Faraday's discoveries about voltage are also experienced in some equations and these equations will be shown in my PowerPoint. Voltage motional emf can also be expressed in some of Faradays equations. The motional EMF can be thought of as electrical pressure. Or what can make it easier is that it is a force that makes electrons move through or move in a certain direction within a conductor.
Voltage and Battery.
Batteries are forms or types of voltage. Most batteries are measured in voltage such as the car battery. The voltage force tends to stay consistent while operating in a battery.Batteries are put together in such a way that there are too many electrons in one material and not nearly enough electrons in another material. The electrons wish to bring to stability the electrostatic charge by moving from the electrons that had a surplus, to those that barely or were scarce source of electrons. Coincidentally they really can't, however, because there really wasn't a condusive or conductive lead way for them or pathway for them to really. Although, if these two unbalanced materials within the source, which is the battery, are conjoined through a conductor, electrical flow of current is easily moved as the electron moves from the negatively charged area to the positively charged area. When you use a battery, you are allowing electrons to flow from one end of the battery through a conductor and something like a light bulb to the other end of the battery. The battery will work until there is a balance of electrons at both ends of the battery. Caution: you should never connect a conductor to the two ends of a battery without making the electrons pass through something like a light bulb which slows the flow of currents. If the electrons are allowed to flow too fast the conductor will become very hot.
Current
Current is known as the charge in motion. Current can exist in many different physical. Charge flows and this allows it to known as current. Current is a constant movement or flow of motion in electrical matters. The manifestation of current in motion is the electrons in a wire like wire leading to the computer that is running my computer. That is a type of current. It lets you see how charge flows around a electrical circuit through several elements. This section will be discussing electrical current, but before we get there I want to elaborate on what current is and the flow of current. The flow of charge is called the current and its rate at which electric charges pass though a conductor. The charge particle can be either positive or negative. In order for a charge to flow, it needs to push (a force) and it is supplied by voltage, or potential difference. The charge flows from high potential energy to low potential energy. Now just like voltage there is also a law for current and that law is that at any junction point in an electric circuit, the total electric current into the junction is equal to the total electric current out.� Now you might read this and think to yourself what is he talking about, what is a junction? Well I am ready to answer that question. A junction is any point where wires are splits into two or more. So when current goes in we must remember that it is equal to amount of current coming out. Now we have established what a current is and how currents flow and actually have a practicality of how it is formed in real life and we use it on a daily basis to make our society progress. So therefore along with electric current, magnetic fields are also created. For example, by attaching the positive and negative ends of a AA household battery to opposite ends of a metal cylinder, a relatively weak magnetic field is generated by which you may pick up paper clips or tacks. Usually in a solid conductor electric charge is carried by electrons. In a solution, the charge is transferred by ions. Current are always with a feel of flows and those flows are dependable. The flow of charge is called the current and it is the rate at which electric charges pass though a conductor. The charged particle can be either positive or negative. In order for a charge to flow, it needs a push (a force) and it is supplied by voltage , or potential difference. The charge flows from high potential energy to low potential energy.” So now we can tell that most of electric flows and the way we obtain electricity has an interchangeable twine with the voltage, current, and resistance. “A current requires moving charges. Let r+ be the density of the positive charges in some region, i.e. the amount of positive charge per unit volume, and let r- be the density of the negative charges. We were talking earlier about particles and the flow of energy through a wire, now I have really learned what causes it to flow the way it does. “Particles accelerate when they acted on by forces. When a particle with charge q is placed in an electric field E, a force F = qE is acting on the particle and it accelerates. To produce an electric field, something has to do work and separate charges. Such a device is called an emf. Examples of an emf are a battery or a power supply. The emf separates charges by moving electrons internally from its positive to its negative terminal. This produces an electric field, which points from the positive to the negative terminal outside and inside the emf. Electrons in a wire placed in this electric field close to the battery will accelerate toward the end of the wire closest to the positive terminal. But if the wire is not connected to the terminals of the emf, they will pile up at one end of the wire, leaving net positive charge at the other end. The separated charges in the wire then produce their own electric field opposing the field produced by the emf. The interior of the wire will be field free and charges will no longer accelerate. If, however, the wire is connected to the emf, then the emf can pump the electrons through its interior back from the positive to the negative terminal. Then field inside the wire will not be zero, and electrons will continue to accelerate towards the positive terminal. Steady currents can only flow in continuous loops. At any point, just as much charge has to flow out of a small volume surrounding the point as flows into the volume. If this were not so, charge would accumulate at the point, setting up its own electric field. This field would exert an additional force on the moving charges, disrupting the steady current. The electric field in a homogeneous wire with constant cross-sectional area carrying a steady current is the same everywhere. If it were not, electrons would move with different velocities in different sections, and charges would accumulate in certain regions. The field produced by these charges would disrupt the steady current.” That basically says that particles act on each other through acceleration and that movement of acceleration causes what we sometimes feel as positive or negative charges. And for the sake of not being repetitive it explains in full details the progress of how or why electrons flow to wires and the cause of current and the flow of charges and voltage. Lastly Current always flows from high potiential to low potential.
Resistance
Resistance is a feature of a material that determines the flow of electric charge. The unit of resistance is ohm. The resistance varies in different materials. For example, gold, silver, and copper have low resistance, which means that current can flow easily through these materials. Glass, plastics, and wood have very high resistance, which means that current can not pass through these materials easily. The resistance is a measure of the resistive forces. The unit of resistance is ohm Volt/Ampere The resistivity of a material is the resistance of a piece of material with unit cross sectional area and unit lengthSo this is the short intro the last part of electricity and the nature of electricity which is resistance. Now dictionary.com defines resistance as a property of a conductor by of which passage of current is opposed, causing electric to be transformed into heat: equal to the voltage across the conductor divided by the current flowing in the conductor: usually measured in ohms. Abbreviation: R.So basically from my understanding of resistance, I know that it is a conductor. Now conductors are a substance, body, or device that readily heat, sound, etc.: Copper is a good conductor of electricity� that is also found online at dictionary.com. So now lets dig deeper into the study of resistance. Now according to a little search on wikipedia I learned that resistance is electrical and measures the ; the inverse quantity is electrical conductance, measuring how easily electricity flows along a certain path. Electrical resistance shares a few parallels with friction. The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm., while electrical conductance is measured in (S).Also resistance stays as a constant sometimes. So therefore the wide variety of materials and conditions, the electrical resistance R is for a given temperature; it does not depend on the amount of current through or the potential difference across the object. Such materials are called Ohmic materials. For objects made of ohmic materials the definition of the resistance, with R being a constant for that resistor, is known as ohms Law. In the case of a nonlinear conductor (not obeying Ohm's law), this ratio can change as current or voltage changes; the inverse slope of a chord to an is sometimes referred to as a "chordal resistance" or "static resistance". Another way to think about it would be that a flow of electrical power and taking a different current has a lessen effective cross sectional area because of the skin effect. Also, adjacent conductors of electrical power alternating current have a more high resistant than they normally would in a isolation or when carrying direct current, to the main cause of the That effect is measured by. The combined effects of reactance and resistance are expressed by electric impedance.
Conclusion
A German scientist George Simon Ohm became aware or familiar that there seemed to be something similar with these three sources electrical power. He then found a mathematical way of proving his point. It became known as Ohm's law and can be written in an equation V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. So using basic algebra you can compute and know what to find either voltage, resistance, or current. And at that point there is more to be elaborated on, but with all this information we will stop here and allow it for more studying either on your own part or another day for us to talk about it. For its only the beginning!
Table of Contents
Introduction
Electricity what a fascinating topic and how it is an important resource in our daily and modern living. Electricity is the foundation for many of daily appliances and is needed rigorously in order for us as a people to survive. Electricity is needed in everything we do and has been a necessity in the growth of society. Electricity is an important element not only in the uses that it offers, but it also helps us to understand our world and the universe we live in. Now I will further elaborate about the history of electricity and discuss a bit about where electricity was actually first discovered.
History
Electricity has been used by many different men in many different ways. It actually first started back in Greece. It started back in Greece around about six centuries ago, when it was observed in an amber rod rubbed with a cloth or a fur attracted light objects such as feathers and bits of straw. The name of the man who made this remarkable discovery is Thales of Miletus. So the Greeks name for amber is elektron, William Gilbert, physician to Queen Elizabeth I, called the force exerted by the amber vis elctrica which is a force that tells apart from the much weaker force of gravitation. So through this remarkable discovery another man named Otto Von Guericke invented the static electric generator in 1675, meanwhile another man now invented a current generator whose name was Alosio Galvani in 1780. But around this period when things that obtained electricity were being invented, most people found it to be of little use. Basically we proceed through the time for approximately 60 years when a scientist by the name of Samuel Morse invented the telegraph which was used as a means of communication to people far away and he made it public in the 1840s. Later, things began to change towards the vast movement of industrialization other inventions began to become public. Of those inventions were telephones, radios, and even television. Later on a man named Thomas Edison invented the light bulb and lighting in the 1880 which would lead to electric motors and heating. So from there many other things were being invented that scientist began to explore with this found natural resource. Although the scientist who first started this study of electricity founded it through the very source of light. Examples are given with Benjamin Franklin with his dealing with lightning. Benjamin had a great curiosity with the dealing of lightning when it would rain. He was just fascinated with why was there light through the sky when it would rain. So he was set on a mission that would help him discover the true reason behind it and whether or not man could actually acquire that kind of power. So Ben Franklin set himself out to do a famous experiment known as the Kite Flight in June of 1752 and through discovered terms to use when talking about electricity. For example, battery, conductors, condenser, charge, discharge, uncharged, negative, minus, plus, electrician, and discharged just to name a few. His understanding on the power of lightning was very powerful, and he also knew it was also
dangerous. So he began to constructed building and ships that would protect the people from the lightning rod. Ben is one of the men that began who really dug deep into the study of electricity. Along with him were men like Nicolo Cabeo, Charles F. de Cisternay du Fay that began to understand about the how charges. They, at different times found, that electricity has charges. Then later on went on to find out that there are positive and negative charges. They also figured out that those charges could also either repel or attract. They came up with a term known as electrification.
Electrification is basically just electric charges. So a body of electricity with the same electrification is the same then they repel, but if the electrification is opposite then they would attract. So Electricity goes into a deep study. For instance, they came up with mathematical equations that would go along with the study of it. These math equations are design to help figure out how much force of electricity is either coming from something, or to know how much power of electricity to put into something. That is the way we have been able to invent many things and proceed as a people. This leads me to three major forms of electricity, voltage, current, resistance. These three components are what my paper will be discussing. I have explained a bit on the history of electricity, but now I want to talk about those three components and their interactions with electricity.
Voltage
Voltage is a very important part of understanding electricity. Voltage is a physical variable. Voltage can be a little tricky to understanding, but it is basically voltage is a force behind the current. Voltage is a concept related to potential energy. Potential energy is a function only of a position is a direct result of the inverse square law. It can also convert energy to other energy. So therefore, voltage is the electrical potential energy, a charge by virtue of its own position in space. Because voltage is an electrical potential energy like a gravitational force lots of its concepts carry over. Voltage is related to many other things to create a greater power. Another way to think of the flow of voltage and h
Voltage Law and Faraday's Law
Voltage and Battery.
Current
Current is known as the charge in motion. Current can exist in many different physical. Charge flows and this allows it to known as current. Current is a constant movement or flow of motion in electrical matters. The manifestation of current in motion is the electrons in a wire like wire leading to the computer that is running my computer. That is a type of current. It lets you see how charge flows around a electrical circuit through several elements. This section will be discussing electrical current, but before we get there I want to elaborate on what current is and the flow of current. The flow of charge is called the current and its rate at which electric charges pass though a conductor. The charge particle can be either positive or negative. In order for a charge to flow, it needs to push (a force) and it is supplied by voltage, or potential difference. The charge flows from high potential energy to low potential energy. Now just like voltage there is also a law for current and that law is that at any junction point in an electric circuit, the total electric current into the junction is equal to the total electric current out.� Now you might read this and think to yourself what is he talking about, what is a junction? Well I am ready to answer that question. A junction is any point where wires are splits into two or more. So when current goes in we must remember that it is equal to amount of current coming out. Now we have established what a current is and how currents flow and actually have a practicality of how it is formed in real life and we use it on a daily basis to make our society progress. So therefore along with electric current, magnetic fields are also created. For example, by attaching the positive and negative ends of a AA household battery to opposite ends of a metal cylinder, a relatively weak magnetic field is generated by which you may pick up paper clips or tacks. Usually in a solid conductor electric charge is carried by electrons. In a solution, the charge is transferred by ions. Current are always with a feel of flows and those flows are dependable. The flow of charge is called the current and it is the rate at which electric charges pass though a conductor. The charged particle can be either positive or negative. In order for a charge to flow, it needs a push (a force) and it is supplied by voltage , or potential difference. The charge flows from high potential energy to low potential energy.” So now we can tell that most of electric flows and the way we obtain electricity has an interchangeable twine with the voltage, current, and resistance. “A current requires moving charges. Let r+ be the densit
Resistance
Resistance is a feature of a material that determines the flow of electric charge. The unit of resistance is ohm. The resistance varies in different materials. For example, gold, silver, and copper have low resistance, which means that current can flow easily through these materials. Glass, plastics, and wood have very high resistance, which means that current can not pass through these materials easily. The resistance is a measure of the resistive forces. The unit of resistance is ohm Volt/Ampere
The resistivity of a material is the resistance of a piece of material with unit cross sectional area and unit lengthSo this is the short intro the last part of electricity and the nature of electricity which is resistance. Now dictionary.com defines resistance as a property of a conductor by of which passage of current is opposed, causing electric to be transformed into heat: equal to the voltage across the conductor divided by the current flowing in the conductor: usually measured in ohms. Abbreviation: R.So basically from my understanding of resistance, I know that it is a conductor. Now conductors are a substance, body, or device that readily heat, sound, etc.: Copper is a good conductor of electricity� that is also found online at dictionary.com. So now lets dig deeper into the study of resistance. Now according to a little search on wikipedia I learned that resistance is electrical and measures the ; the inverse quantity is electrical conductance, measuring how easily electricity flows along a certain path. Electrical resistance shares a few parallels with friction. The unit of electrical resistance is the ohm., while electrical conductance is measured in (S).Also resistance stays as a constant sometimes. So therefore the wide variety of materials and conditions, the electrical resistance R is for a given temperature; it does not depend on the amount of current through or the potential difference across the object. Such materials are called Ohmic materials. For objects made of ohmic materials the definition of the resistance, with R being a constant for that resistor, is known as ohms Law.
In the case of a nonlinear conductor (not obeying Ohm's law), this ratio can change as current or voltage changes; the inverse slope of a chord to an is sometimes referred to as a "chordal resistance" or "static resistance". Another way to think about it would be that a flow of electrical power and taking a different current has a lessen effective cross sectional area because of the skin effect. Also, adjacent conductors of electrical power alternating current have a more high resistant than they normally would in a isolation or when carrying direct current, to the main cause of the That effect is measured by. The combined effects of reactance and resistance are expressed by electric impedance.
Conclusion
A German scientist George Simon Ohm became aware or familiar that there seemed to be something similar with these three sources electrical power. He then found a mathematical way of proving his point. It became known as Ohm's law and can be written in an equation V=IR, where V is voltage, I is current, and R is resistance. So using basic algebra you can compute and know what to find either voltage, resistance, or current. And at that point there is more to be elaborated on, but with all this information we will stop here and allow it for more studying either on your own part or another day for us to talk about it. For its only the beginning!
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